Al-Andalus

Bubaštar ببشتر

Today: Bobastro (Ardales), Spain

Years: 880–928

Bubaštar was the mountain stronghold of ʿUmar ibn Ḥafṣūn, who led a rebellion of muwallads and Mozarabs against Córdoba for half a century; ʿAbd al-Raḥmān III took it in 928, and a rock-cut church survives.

What to see today

Ruinas de Bobastro (Bubaštar): Archaeological site, 880 to 928

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